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Documentation
and
Diagrams
of
the
Atomic
Bomb |
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Disclaimer
The
information
contained
in
this
document
is
strictly
for
academic
use
alone.
Outlaw
Labs
and
all
publishers
of
this
document
will
bear
no
responsibility
for
any
use
otherwise.
It
would
be
wise
to
note
that
the
personnel
who
design
and
construct
these
devices
are
skilled
physicists
and
are
more
knowledgeable
in
these
matters
than
any
layperson
can
ever
hope
to
be.
Should
a
layperson
attempt
to
build
a
device
such
as
this,
chances
are
s/he
would
probably
kill
his/herself
not
by
a
nuclear
detonation,
but
rather
through
radiation
exposure.
We
here
at
Outlaw
Labs
do
not
recommend
using
this
document
beyond
the
realm
of
casual
or
academic
curiosity.
Contents
- The
History
of
the
Atomic
Bomb
- Development
(The
Manhattan
Project)
- Detonation
- Hiroshima
- Nagasaki
- Byproducts
of
atomic
detonations
- Breakdown
of
the
Atomic
Bomb's
Blast
Zones
- Nuclear
Fission/Nuclear
Fusion
- Fission
(A-Bomb)
&
Fusion
(H-Bomb)
- U-235,
U-238
and
Plutonium
- The
Mechanism
of
The
Bomb
- Altimeter
- Air
Pressure
Detonator
- Detonating
Head(s)
- Conventional
Explosive
Charge(s)
- Neutron
Deflector
- Uranium
&
Plutonium
- Lead
Shield
- Fuses
- Diagrams
of
the
Bombs
- The
Uranium
Bomb
- The
Plutonium
Bomb
I.
The
History
of
the
Atomic
Bomb
A.
Development
(The
Manhattan
Project)
On
August
2nd
1939,
just
before
the
beginning
of
World
War
II,
Albert
Einstein
wrote
to
then
President
Franklin
D.
Roosevelt.
Einstein
and
several
other
scientists
told
Roosevelt
of
efforts
in
Nazi
Germany
to
purify
U-235
with
which
might
in
turn
be
used
to
build
an
atomic
bomb.
It
was
shortly
thereafter
that
the
United
States
Government
began
the
serious
undertaking
known
only
then
as
the
Manhattan
Project.
Simply
put,
the
Manhattan
Project
was
committed
to
expedient
research
and
production
that
would
produce
a
viable
atomic
bomb.
The
most
complicated
issue
to
be
addressed
was
the
production
of
ample
amounts
of
`enriched'
uranium
to
sustain
a
chain
reaction.
At
the
time,
Uranium-235
was
very
hard
to
extract.
In
fact,
the
ratio
of
conversion
from
Uranium
ore
to
Uranium
metal
is
500:1.
An
additional
drawback
is
that
the
1
part
of
Uranium
that
is
finally
refined
from
the
ore
consists
of
over
99%
Uranium-238,
which
is
practically
useless
for
an
atomic
bomb.
To
make
it
even
more
difficult,
U-235
and
U-238
are
precisely
similar
in
their
chemical
makeup.
This
proved
to
be
as
much
of
a
challenge
as
separating
a
solution
of
sucrose
from
a
solution
of
glucose.
No
ordinary
chemical
extraction
could
separate
the
two
isotopes.
Only
mechanical
methods
could
effectively
separate
U-235
from
U-238.
Several
scientists
at
Columbia
University
managed
to
solve
this
dilemma.
A
massive
enrichment
laboratory/plant
was
constructed
at
Oak
Ridge,
Tennessee.
H.C.
Urey,
along
with
his
associates
and
colleagues
at
Columbia
University,
devised
a
system
that
worked
on
the
principle
of
gaseous
diffusion.
Following
this
process,
Ernest
O.
Lawrence
(inventor
of
the
Cyclotron)
at
the
University
of
California
in
Berkeley
implemented
a
process
involving
magnetic
separation
of
the
two
isotopes.
Following
the
first
two
processes,
a
gas
centrifuge
was
used
to
further
separate
the
lighter
U-235
from
the
heavier
non-fissionable
U-238
by
their
mass.
Once
all
of
these
procedures
had
been
completed,
all
that
needed
to
be
done
was
to
put
to
the
test
the
entire
concept
behind
atomic
fission.
[For
more
information
on
these
procedures
of
refining
Uranium,
see
Section
3.]
Over
the
course
of
six
years,
ranging
from
1939
to
1945,
more
than
2
billion
dollars
were
spent
on
the
Manhattan
Project.
The
formulas
for
refining
Uranium
and
putting
together
a
working
bomb
were
created
and
seen
to
their
logical
ends
by
some
of
the
greatest
minds
of
our
time.
Among
these
people
who
unleashed
the
power
of
the
atomic
bomb
was
J.
Robert
Oppenheimer.
Oppenheimer
was
the
major
force
behind
the
Manhattan
Project.
He
literally
ran
the
show
and
saw
to
it
that
all
of
the
great
minds
working
on
this
project
made
their
brainstorms
work.
He
oversaw
the
entire
project
from
its
conception
to
its
completion.
Finally
the
day
came
when
all
at
Los
Alamos
would
find
out
whether
or
not
The
Gadget
(code-named
as
such
during
its
development)
was
either
going
to
be
the
colossal
dud
of
the
century
or
perhaps
end
the
war.
It
all
came
down
to
a
fateful
morning
of
midsummer,
1945.
At
5:29:45
(Mountain
War
Time)
on
July
16th,
1945,
in
a
white
blaze
that
stretched
from
the
basin
of
the
Jemez
Mountains
in
northern
New
Mexico
to
the
still-dark
skies,
The
Gadget
ushered
in
the
Atomic
Age.
The
light
of
the
explosion
then
turned
orange
as
the
atomic
fireball
began
shooting
upwards
at
360
feet
per
second,
reddening
and
pulsing
as
it
cooled.
The
characteristic
mushroom
cloud
of
radioactive
vapor
materialized
at
30,000
feet.
Beneath
the
cloud,
all
that
remained
of
the
soil
at
the
blast
site
were
fragments
of
jade
green
radioactive
glass.
...All
of
this
caused
by
the
heat
of
the
reaction.
The
brilliant
light
from
the
detonation
pierced
the
early
morning
skies
with
such
intensity
that
residents
from
a
faraway
neighboring
community
would
swear
that
the
sun
came
up
twice
that
day.
Even
more
astonishing
is
that
a
blind
girl
saw
the
flash
120
miles
away.
Upon
witnessing
the
explosion,
reactions
among
the
people
who
created
it
were
mixed.
Isidor
Rabi
felt
that
the
equilibrium
in
nature
had
been
upset
--
as
if
humankind
had
become
a
threat
to
the
world
it
inhabited.
J.
Robert
Oppenheimer,
though
ecstatic
about
the
success
of
the
project,
quoted
a
remembered
fragment
from
Bhagavad
Gita.
"I
am
become
Death,"
he
said,
"the
destroyer
of
worlds."
Ken
Bainbridge,
the
test
director,
told
Oppenheimer,
"Now
we're
all
sons
of
bitches."
Several
participants,
shortly
after
viewing
the
results,
signed
petitions
against
loosing
the
monster
they
had
created,
but
their
protests
fell
on
deaf
ears.
As
it
later
turned
out,
the
Jornada
del
Muerto
of
New
Mexico
was
not
the
last
site
on
planet
Earth
to
experience
an
atomic
explosion.
B.
Detonation
1.
Hiroshima
As
many
know,
atomic
bombs
have
been
used
only
twice
in
warfare.
The
first
and
foremost
blast
site
of
the
atomic
bomb
is
Hiroshima.
A
Uranium
bomb
(which
weighed
in
at
over
4
&
1/2
tons)
nicknamed
"Little
Boy"
was
dropped
on
Hiroshima
August
6th,
1945.
The
Aioi
Bridge,
one
of
81
bridges
connecting
the
seven-branched
delta
of
the
Ota
River,
was
the
aiming
point
of
the
bomb.
Ground
Zero
was
set
at
1,980
feet.
At
0815
hours,
the
bomb
was
dropped
from
the
Enola
Gay.
It
missed
by
only
800
feet.
At
0816
hours,
in
the
flash
of
an
instant,
66,000
people
were
killed
and
69,000
people
were
injured
by
a
10
kiloton
atomic
explosion.
The
point
of
total
vaporization
from
the
blast
measured
one
half
of
a
mile
in
diameter.
Total
destruction
ranged
at
one
mile
in
diameter.
Severe
blast
damage
carried
as
far
as
two
miles
in
diameter.
At
two
and
a
half
miles,
everything
flammable
in
the
area
burned.
The
remaining
area
of
the
blast
zone
was
riddled
with
serious
blazes
that
stretched
out
to
the
final
edge
at
a
little
over
three
miles
in
diameter.
[See
diagram
below
for
blast
ranges
from
the
atomic
blast.]
2.
Nagasaki
On
August
9th
1945,
Nagasaki
fell
to
the
same
treatment
as
Hiroshima.
Only
this
time,
a
Plutonium
bomb
nicknamed
"Fat
Man"
was
dropped
on
the
city.
Even
though
the
"Fat
Man"
missed
by
over
a
mile
and
a
half,
it
still
leveled
nearly
half
the
city.
Nagasaki's
population
dropped
in
one
split-second
from
422,000
to
383,000.
39,000
were
killed,
over
25,000
were
injured.
That
blast
was
less
than
10
kilotons
as
well.
Estimates
from
physicists
who
have
studied
each
atomic
explosion
state
that
the
bombs
that
were
used
had
utilized
only
1/10th
of
1
percent
of
their
respective
explosive
capabilities.
3.
Byproducts
of
atomic
detonations
While
the
mere
explosion
from
an
atomic
bomb
is
deadly
enough,
its
destructive
ability
doesn't
stop
there.
Atomic
fallout
creates
another
hazard
as
well.
The
rain
that
follows
any
atomic
detonation
is
laden
with
radioactive
particles.
Many
survivors
of
the
Hiroshima
and
Nagasaki
blasts
succumbed
to
radiation
poisoning
due
to
this
occurance.
The
atomic
detonation
also
has
the
hidden
lethal
surprise
of
affecting
the
future
generations
of
those
who
live
through
it.
Leukemia
is
among
the
greatest
of
afflictions
that
are
passed
on
to
the
offspring
of
survivors.
While
the
main
purpose
behind
the
atomic
bomb
is
obvious,
there
are
many
by-products
that
have
been
brought
into
consideration
in
the
use
of
all
weapons
atomic.
With
one
small
atomic
bomb,
a
massive
area's
communications,
travel
and
machinery
will
grind
to
a
dead
halt
due
to
the
EMP
(Electro-Magnetic
Pulse)
that
is
radiated
from
a
high-altitude
atomic
detonation.
These
high-level
detonations
are
hardly
lethal,
yet
they
deliver
a
serious
enough
EMP
to
scramble
any
and
all
things
electronic
ranging
from
copper
wires
all
the
way
up
to
a
computer's
CPU
within
a
50
mile
radius.
At
one
time,
during
the
early
days
of
The
Atomic
Age,
it
was
a
popular
notion
that
one
day
atomic
bombs
would
one
day
be
used
in
mining
operations
and
perhaps
aid
in
the
construction
of
another
Panama
Canal.
Needless
to
say,
it
never
came
about.
Instead,
the
military
applications
of
atomic
destruction
increased.
Atomic
tests
off
of
the
Bikini
Atoll
and
several
other
sites
were
common
up
until
the
Nuclear
Test
Ban
Treaty
was
introduced.
Photos
of
nuclear
test
sites
here
in
the
United
States
can
be
obtained
through
the
Freedom
of
Information
Act.
4.
Breakdown
of
the
Atomic
Bomb's
Blast
Zones
.
. .
. . .
. .
[5] [4] [5]
.
. . . .
. . . .
. [3] _ [3] .
. . [2] . .
. _._ .
. .~ ~. .
. . [4] . .[2]. [1] .[2]. . [4] . .
. . . .
. ~-.-~ .
. . [2] . .
. [3] - [3] .
. . . .
. ~ ~ .
~
[5] . [4] . [5]
.
. .
. .
.
- [1]
Vaporization
Point
- Everything
is
vaporized
by
the
atomic
blast.
98%
fatalities.
Overpress=25
psi.
Wind
velocity=320
mph.
- [2]
Total
Destruction
- All
structures
above
ground
are
destroyed.
90%
fatalities.
Overpress=17
psi.
Wind
velocity=290
mph.
- [3]
Severe
Blast
Damage
- Factories
and
other
large-scale
building
collapse.
Severe
damage
to
highway
bridges.
Rivers
sometimes
flow
countercurrent.
65%
fatalities,
30%
injured.
Overpress=9
psi.
Wind
velocity=260
mph.
- [4]
Severe
Heat
Damage
- Everything
flammable
burns.
People
in
the
area
suffocate
due
to
the
fact
that
most
available
oxygen
is
consumed
by
the
fires.
50%
fatalities,
45%
injured.
Overpress=6
psi.
Wind
velocity=140
mph.
- [5]
Severe
Fire
&
Wind
Damage
- Residency
structures
are
severely
damaged.
People
are
blown
around.
2nd
and
3rd-degree
burns
suffered
by
most
survivors.
15%
dead.
50%
injured.
Overpress=3
psi.
Wind
velocity=98
mph.
Blast
Zone
Radii
[3
different
bomb
types]
______________________ ______________________ ______________________
| | | | | |
| -[10 KILOTONS]- | | -[1 MEGATON]- | | -[20 MEGATONS]- |
|----------------------| |----------------------| |----------------------|
| Airburst - 1,980 ft | | Airburst - 8,000 ft | | Airburst - 17,500 ft |
|______________________| |______________________| |______________________|
| | | | | |
| [1] 0.5 miles | | [1] 2.5 miles | | [1] 8.75 miles |
| [2] 1 mile | | [2] 3.75 miles | | [2] 14 miles |
| [3] 1.75 miles | | [3] 6.5 miles | | [3] 27 miles |
| [4] 2.5 miles | | [4] 7.75 miles | | [4] 31 miles |
| [5] 3 miles | | [5] 10 miles | | [5] 35 miles |
| | | | | |
|______________________| |______________________| |______________________|
II.
Nuclear
Fission/Nuclear
Fusion
A.
Fission
(A-Bomb)
&
Fusion
(H-Bomb)
There
are
two
types
of
atomic
explosions
that
can
be
facilitated
by
U-235:
fission
and
fusion.
Fission,
simply
put,
is
a
nuclear
reaction
in
which
an
atomic
nucleus
splits
into
fragments,
usually
two
fragments
of
comparable
mass,
with
the
evolution
of
approximately
100
million
to
several
hundred
million
volts
of
energy.
This
energy
is
expelled
explosively
and
violently
in
the
atomic
bomb.
A
fusion
reaction
is
invariably
started
with
a
fission
reaction,
but
unlike
the
fission
reaction,
the
fusion
(Hydrogen)
bomb
derives
its
power
from
the
fusing
of
nuclei
of
various
hydrogen
isotopes
in
the
formation
of
helium
nuclei.
Being
that
the
bomb
in
this
section
is
strictly
atomic,
the
other
aspects
of
the
Hydrogen
Bomb
will
be
set
aside
for
now.
The
massive
power
behind
the
reaction
in
an
atomic
bomb
arises
from
the
forces
that
hold
the
atom
together.
These
forces
are
akin
to,
but
not
quite
the
same
as,
magnetism.
Atoms
are
comprised
of
three
sub-atomic
particles.
Protons
and
neutrons
cluster
together
to
form
the
nucleus
(central
mass)
of
the
atom
while
the
electrons
orbit
the
nucleus
much
like
planets
around
a
sun.
It
is
these
particles
that
determine
the
stability
of
the
atom.
Most
natural
elements
have
very
stable
atoms
which
are
impossible
to
split
except
by
bombardment
by
particle
accelerators.
For
all
practical
purposes,
the
one
true
element
whose
atoms
can
be
split
comparatively
easily
is
the
metal
Uranium.
Uranium's
atoms
are
unusually
large,
henceforth,
it
is
hard
for
them
to
hold
together
firmly.
This
makes
Uranium-235
an
exceptional
candidate
for
nuclear
fission.
Uranium
is
a
heavy
metal,
heavier
than
gold,
and
not
only
does
it
have
the
largest
atoms
of
any
natural
element,
the
atoms
that
comprise
Uranium
have
far
more
neutrons
than
protons.
This
does
not
enhance
their
capacity
to
split,
but
it
does
have
an
important
bearing
on
their
capacity
to
facilitate
an
explosion.
There
are
two
isotopes
of
Uranium.
Natural
Uranium
consists
mostly
of
isotope
U-238,
which
has
92
protons
and
146
neutrons
(92+146=238).
Mixed
with
this
isotope,
one
will
find
a
0.6%
accumulation
of
U-235,
which
has
only
143
neutrons.
This
isotope,
unlike
U-238,
has
atoms
that
can
be
split,
thus
it
is
termed
"fissionable"
and
useful
in
making
atomic
bombs.
Being
that
U-238
is
neutron-heavy,
it
reflects
neutrons,
rather
than
absorbing
them
like
its
brother
isotope,
U-235.
U-238
serves
no
function
in
an
atomic
reaction,
but
its
properties
provide
an
excellent
shield
for
the
U-235
in
a
constructed
bomb
as
a
neutron
reflector.
This
helps
prevent
an
accidental
chain
reaction
between
the
larger
U-235
mass
and
its
`bullet'
counterpart
within
the
bomb.
Also
note
that
while
U-238
cannot
facilitate
a
chain-reaction,
it
can
be
neutron-saturated
to
produce
Plutonium
(Pu-239).
Plutonium
is
fissionable
and
can
be
used
in
place
of
Uranium-235
{albeit,
with
a
different
model
of
detonator}
in
an
atomic
bomb.
Both
isotopes
of
Uranium
are
naturally
radioactive.
Their
bulky
atoms
disintegrate
over
a
period
of
time.
Given
enough
time
(over
100,000
years
or
more)
Uranium
will
eventually
lose
so
many
particles
that
it
will
turn
into
the
metal
Lead.
However,
the
process
of
decay
can
be
accelerated
in
what
is
known
as
a
chain
reaction.
Instead
of
disintegrating
slowly,
the
atoms
are
forcibly
split
by
neutrons
forcing
their
way
into
the
nuclei.
A
U-235
atom
is
so
unstable
that
a
blow
from
a
single
neutron
is
enough
to
split
it
and
henceforth
bring
on
a
chain
reaction
(by
releasing
further
neutrons).
This
can
happen
even
when
a
(comparatively
small)
critical
mass
is
present.
When
this
chain
reaction
occurs,
the
Uranium
atom
splits
into
two
smaller
atoms
of
different
elements,
such
as
Barium
and
Krypton.
When
a
U-235
atom
splits,
it
gives
off
energy
in
the
form
of
heat
and
Gamma
radiation,
which
is
the
most
powerful
form
of
radioactivity
and
the
most
lethal.
When
this
reaction
occurs,
the
split
atom
will
also
give
off
two
or
three
of
its
`spare'
neutrons,
which
are
not
needed
to
make
either
Barium
or
Krypton.
These
spare
neutrons
fly
out
with
sufficient
force
to
split
other
atoms
they
come
in
contact
with.
[See
chart
below.]
In
theory,
it
is
necessary
to
split
only
one
U-235
atom,
and
the
neutrons
from
this
will
split
other
atoms,
which
will
split
mor
...
so
on
and
so
forth.
This
progression
does
not
take
place
arithmetically,
but
geometrically.
All
of
this
will
happen
within
a
millionth
of
a
second.
The
minimum
amount
to
start
a
chain
reaction
as
described
above
is
known
as
SuperCritical
Mass.
The
actual
mass
needed
to
facilitate
this
chain
reaction
depends
upon
the
purity
of
the
material,
but
for
pure
U-235,
it
is
110
pounds
(50
kilograms),
but
no
Uranium
is
ever
quite
pure,
so
in
reality
more
will
be
needed.
Diagram
of
a
Chain
Reaction
[1] - Incoming Neutron
[2] - Uranium-235
[3] - Uranium-236
[4] - Barium Atom
[5] - Krypton Atom
|
|
|
|
[1]------------------------------> o
. o o .
. o_0_o . <-----------------------[2]
. o 0 o .
. o o .
|
\|/
~
. o o. .o o .
[3]-----------------------> . o_0_o"o_0_o .
. o 0 o~o 0 o .
. o o.".o o .
|
/ | \
|/_ | _\|
~~ | ~~
|
o o | o o
[4]-----------------> o_0_o | o_0_o <---------------[5]
o~0~o | o~0~o
o o ) | ( o o
/ o \
/ [1] \
/ \
/ \
/ \
o [1] [1] o
. o o . . o o . . o o .
. o_0_o . . o_0_o . . o_0_o .
. o 0 o . <-[2]-> . o 0 o . <-[2]-> . o 0 o .
. o o . . o o . . o o .
/ | \
|/_ \|/ _\|
~~ ~ ~~
. o o. .o o . . o o. .o o . . o o. .o o .
. o_0_o"o_0_o . . o_0_o"o_0_o . . o_0_o"o_0_o .
. o 0 o~o 0 o . <--[3]--> . o 0 o~o 0 o . <--[3]--> . o 0 o~o 0 o .
. o o.".o o . . o o.".o o . . o o.".o o .
. | . . | . . | .
/ | \ / | \ / | \
: | : : | : : | :
: | : : | : : | :
\:/ | \:/ \:/ | \:/ \:/ | \:/
~ | ~ ~ | ~ ~ | ~
[4] o o | o o [5] [4] o o | o o [5] [4] o o | o o [5]
o_0_o | o_0_o o_0_o | o_0_o o_0_o | o_0_o
o~0~o | o~0~o o~0~o | o~0~o o~0~o | o~0~o
o o ) | ( o o o o ) | ( o o o o ) | ( o o
/ | \ / | \ / | \
/ | \ / | \ / | \
/ | \ / | \ / | \
/ | \ / | \ / | \
/ o \ / o \ / o \
/ [1] \ / [1] \ / [1] \
o o o o o o
[1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]
B.
U-235,
U-238
and
Plutonium
Uranium
is
not
the
only
material
used
for
making
atomic
bombs.
Another
material
is
the
element
Plutonium,
in
its
isotope
Pu-239.
Plutonium
is
not
found
naturally
(except
in
minute
traces)
and
is
always
made
from
Uranium.
The
only
way
to
produce
Plutonium
from
Uranium
is
to
process
U-238
through
a
nuclear
reactor.
After
a
period
of
time,
the
intense
radioactivity
causes
the
metal
to
pick
up
extra
particles,
so
that
more
and
more
of
its
atoms
turn
into
Plutonium.
Plutonium
will
not
start
a
fast
chain
reaction
by
itself,
but
this
difficulty
is
overcome
by
having
a
neutron
source,
a
highly
radioactive
material
that
gives
off
neutrons
faster
than
the
Plutonium
itself.
In
certain
types
of
bombs,
a
mixture
of
the
elements
Beryllium
and
Polonium
is
used
to
bring
about
this
reaction.
Only
a
small
piece
is
needed.
The
material
is
not
fissionable
in
and
of
itself,
but
merely
acts
as
a
catalyst
to
the
greater
reaction.
III.
The
Mechanism
of
The
Bomb
A.
Altimeter
An
ordinary
aircraft
altimeter
uses
a
type
of
Aneroid
Barometer
which
measures
the
changes
in
air
pressure
at
different
heights.
However,
changes
in
air
pressure
due
to
the
weather
can
adversely
affect
the
altimeter's
readings.
It
is
far
more
favorable
to
use
a
radar
(or
radio)
altimeter
for
enhanced
accuracy
when
the
bomb
reaches
Ground
Zero.
While
Frequency
Modulated-Continuous
Wave
(FM
CW)
is
more
complicated,
the
accuracy
of
it
far
surpasses
any
other
type
of
altimeter.
Like
simple
pulse
systems,
signals
are
emitted
from
a
radar
aerial
(the
bomb),
bounced
off
the
ground
and
received
back
at
the
bomb's
altimeter.
This
pulse
system
applies
to
the
more
advanced
altimeter
system,
only
the
signal
is
continuous
and
centered
around
a
high
frequency
such
as
4200
MHz.
This
signal
is
arranged
to
steadily
increase
at
200
MHz
per
interval
before
dropping
back
to
its
original
frequency.
As
the
descent
of
the
bomb
begins,
the
altimeter
transmitter
will
send
out
a
pulse
starting
at
4200
MHz.
By
the
time
that
pulse
has
returned,
the
altimeter
transmitter
will
be
emitting
a
higher
frequency.
The
difference
depends
on
how
long
the
pulse
has
taken
to
do
the
return
journey.
When
these
two
frequencies
are
mixed
electronically,
a
new
frequency
(the
difference
between
the
two)
emerges.
The
value
of
this
new
frequency
is
measured
by
the
built-in
microchips.
This
value
is
directly
proportional
to
the
distance
travelled
by
the
original
pulse,
so
it
can
be
used
to
give
the
actual
height.
In
practice,
a
typical
FM
CW
radar
today
would
sweep
120
times
per
second.
Its
range
would
be
up
to
10,000
feet
(3000
m)
over
land
and
20,000
feet
(6000
m)
over
sea,
since
sound
reflections
from
water
surfaces
are
clearer.
The
accuracy
of
these
altimeters
is
within
5
feet
(1.5
m)
for
the
higher
ranges.
Being
that
the
ideal
airburst
for
the
atomic
bomb
is
usually
set
for
1,980
feet,
this
error
factor
is
not
of
enormous
concern.
The
high
cost
of
these
radar-type
altimeters
has
prevented
their
use
in
commercial
applications,
but
the
decreasing
cost
of
electronic
components
should
make
them
competitive
with
barometric
types
before
too
long.
B.
Air
Pressure
Detonator
The
air
pressure
detonator
can
be
a
very
complex
mechanism,
but
for
all
practical
purposes,
a
simpler
model
can
be
used.
At
high
altitudes,
the
air
is
of
lesser
pressure.
As
the
altitude
drops,
the
air
pressure
increases.
A
simple
piece
of
very
thin
magnetized
metal
can
be
used
as
an
air
pressure
detonator.
All
that
is
needed
is
for
the
strip
of
metal
to
have
a
bubble
of
extremely
thin
metal
forged
in
the
center
and
have
it
placed
directly
underneath
the
electrical
contact
which
will
trigger
the
conventional
explosive
detonation.
Before
the
strip
is
set
in
place,
the
bubble
is
pushed
in
so
that
it
will
be
inverted.
Once
the
air
pressure
has
achieved
the
desired
level,
the
magnetic
bubble
will
snap
back
into
its
original
position
and
strike
the
contact,
thus
completing
the
circuit
and
setting
off
the
explosive(s).
C.
Detonating
Head(s)
The
detonating
head
(or
heads,
depending
on
whether
a
Uranium
or
Plutonium
bomb
is
being
used
as
a
model)
that
is
seated
in
the
conventional
explosive
charge(s)
is
similar
to
the
standard-issue
blasting
cap.
It
merely
serves
as
a
catalyst
to
bring
about
a
greater
explosion.
Calibration
of
this
device
is
essential.
Too
small
of
a
detonating
head
will
only
cause
a
colossal
dud
that
will
be
doubly
dangerous
since
someone's
got
to
disarm
and
re-fit
the
bomb
with
another
detonating
head.
(An
added
measure
of
discomfort
comes
from
the
knowledge
that
the
conventional
explosive
may
have
detonated
with
insufficient
force
to
weld
the
radioactive
metals.
This
will
cause
a
supercritical
mass
that
could
go
off
at
any
time.)
The
detonating
head
will
receive
an
electric
charge
from
either
the
air
pressure
detonator
or
the
radar
altimeter's
coordinating
detonator,
depending
on
what
type
of
system
is
used.
The
Du
Pont
company
makes
rather
excellent
blasting
caps
that
can
be
easily
modified
to
suit
the
required
specifications.
D.
Conventional
Explosive
Charge(s)
This
explosive
is
used
to
introduce
(and
weld)
the
lesser
amount
of
Uranium
to
the
greater
amount
within
the
bomb's
housing.
[The
amount
of
pressure
needed
to
bring
this
about
is
unknown
and
possibly
classified
by
the
United
States
Government
for
reasons
of
National
Security.]
Plastic
explosives
work
best
in
this
situation
since
they
can
be
manipulated
to
enable
both
a
Uranium
bomb
and
a
Plutonium
bomb
to
detonate.
One
very
good
explosive
is
Urea
Nitrate.
The
directions
on
how
to
make
Urea
Nitrate
are
as
follows:
Ingredients
[1] 1 cup concentrated solution of uric acid (C5 H4 N4 O3)
[2] 1/3 cup of nitric acid
[3] 4 heat-resistant glass containers
[4] 4 filters (such as coffee filters)
Filter
the
concentrated
solution
of
uric
acid
through
a
filter
to
remove
impurities.
Slowly
add
1/3
cup
of
nitric
acid
to
the
solution
and
let
the
mixture
stand
for
one
hour.
Filter
again
as
before.
This
time
the
Urea
Nitrate
crystals
will
collect
on
the
filter.
Wash
the
crystals
by
pouring
water
over
them
while
they
are
in
the
filter.
Remove
the
crystals
from
the
filter
and
allow
16
hours
for
them
to
dry.
This
explosive
needs
a
blasting
cap
to
detonate.
It
may
be
necessary
to
make
a
quantity
larger
than
the
aforementioned
list
calls
for
to
bring
about
an
explosion
great
enough
to
cause
the
Uranium
(or
Plutonium)
sections
to
weld
together
on
impact.
E.
Neutron
Deflector
The
neutron
deflector
is
comprised
solely
of
Uranium-238.
Not
only
is
U-238
non-fissionable,
it
also
has
the
unique
ability
to
reflect
neutrons
back
to
their
source.
The
U-238
neutron
deflector
can
serve
two
purposes.
In
a
Uranium
bomb,
the
neutron
deflector
serves
as
a
safeguard
to
keep
an
accidental
supercritical
mass
from
occurring
by
bouncing
the
stray
neutrons
from
the
`bullet'
counterpart
of
the
Uranium
mass
away
from
the
greater
mass
below
it
(and
vice-versa).
The
neutron
deflector
in
a
Plutonium
bomb
actually
helps
the
wedges
of
Plutonium
retain
their
neutrons
by
`reflecting'
the
stray
particles
back
into
the
center
of
the
assembly.
F.
Uranium
&
Plutonium
Uranium-235
is
very
difficult
to
extract.
In
fact,
for
every
25,000
tons
of
Uranium
ore
that
is
mined
from
the
earth,
only
50
tons
of
Uranium
metal
can
be
refined
from
that,
and
99.3%
of
that
metal
is
U-238
which
is
too
stable
to
be
used
as
an
active
agent
in
an
atomic
detonation.
To
make
matters
even
more
complicated,
no
ordinary
chemical
extraction
can
separate
the
two
isotopes
since
both
U-235
and
U-238
possess
precisely
identical
chemical
characteristics.
The
only
methods
that
can
effectively
separate
U-235
from
U-238
are
mechanical
methods.
U-235
is
slightly,
but
only
slightly,
lighter
than
its
counterpart,
U-238.
A
system
of
gaseous
diffusion
is
used
to
begin
the
separating
process
between
the
two
isotopes.
In
this
system,
Uranium
is
combined
with
fluorine
to
form
Uranium
Hexafluoride
gas.
This
mixture
is
then
propelled
by
low-pressure
pumps
through
a
series
of
extremely
fine
porous
barriers.
Because
the
U-235
atoms
are
lighter
and
thus
propelled
faster
than
the
U-238
atoms,
they
can
penetrate
the
barriers
more
rapidly.
As
a
result,
the
U-235's
concentration
becomes
successively
greater
as
it
passed
through
each
barrier.
After
passing
through
several
thousand
barriers,
the
Uranium
Hexafluoride
contains
a
relatively
high
concentration
of
U-235
--
2%
pure
Uranium-235
in
the
case
of
reactor
fuel
-
and
if
pushed
further
could
(theoretically)
yield
up
to
95%
pure
Uranium-235
for
use
in
an
atomic
bomb.
Once
the
process
of
gaseous
diffusion
is
finished,
the
Uranium
must
be
refined
once
again.
Magnetic
separation
of
the
extract
from
the
previous
enriching
process
is
then
implemented
to
further
refine
the
Uranium.
This
involves
electrically
charging
Uranium
Tetrachloride
gas
and
directing
it
past
a
weak
electromagnet.
Since
the
lighter
U-235
particles
in
the
gas
stream
are
less
affected
by
the
magnetic
pull,
they
can
be
gradually
separated
from
the
flow.
Following
the
first
two
procedures,
a
third
enrichment
process
is
then
applied
to
the
extract
from
the
second
process.
In
this
procedure,
a
gas
centrifuge
is
brought
into
action
to
further
separate
the
lighter
U-235
from
its
heavier
counter-isotope.
Centrifugal
force
separates
the
two
isotopes
of
Uranium
by
their
mass.
Once
all
of
these
procedures
have
been
completed,
all
that
need
be
done
is
to
place
the
properly
molded
components
of
Uranium-235
inside
a
warhead
that
will
facilitate
an
atomic
detonation.
Supercritical
mass
for
Uranium-235
is
defined
as
110
lbs
(50
kgs)
of
pure
Uranium.
Depending
on
the
refining
process(es)
used
when
purifying
the
U-235
for
use,
along
with
the
design
of
the
warhead
mechanism
and
the
altitude
at
which
it
detonates,
the
explosive
force
of
the
A-bomb
can
range
anywhere
from
1
kiloton
(which
equals
1,000
tons
of
TNT)
to
20
megatons
(which
equals
20
million
tons
of
TNT
--
which,
by
the
way,
is
the
smallest
strategic
nuclear
warhead
we
possess
today.
{Point
in
fact
--
One
Trident
Nuclear
Submarine
carries
as
much
destructive
power
as
25
World
War
II's}).
While
Uranium
is
an
ideally
fissionable
material,
it
is
not
the
only
one.
Plutonium
can
be
used
in
an
atomic
bomb
as
well.
By
leaving
U-238
inside
an
atomic
reactor
for
an
extended
period
of
time,
the
U-238
picks
up
extra
particles
(neutrons
especially)
and
gradually
is
transformed
into
the
element
Plutonium.
Plutonium
is
fissionable,
but
not
as
easily
fissionable
as
Uranium.
While
Uranium
can
be
detonated
by
a
simple
2-part
gun-type
device,
Plutonium
must
be
detonated
by
a
more
complex
32-part
implosion
chamber
along
with
a
stronger
conventional
explosive,
a
greater
striking
velocity
and
a
simultaneous
triggering
mechanism
for
the
conventional
explosive
packs.
Along
with
all
of
these
requirements
comes
the
additional
task
of
introducing
a
fine
mixture
of
Beryllium
and
Polonium
to
this
metal
while
all
of
these
actions
are
occurring.
Supercritical
mass
for
Plutonium
is
defined
as
35.2
lbs
(16
kgs).
This
amount
needed
for
a
supercritical
mass
can
be
reduced
to
a
smaller
quantity
of
22
lbs
(10
kgs)
by
surrounding
the
Plutonium
with
a
U-238
casing.
To
illustrate
the
vast
difference
between
a
Uranium
gun-type
detonator
and
a
Plutonium
implosion
detonator,
here
is
a
quick
rundown.
[1]
Uranium
Detonator
Comprised
of
2
parts.
Larger
mass
is
spherical
and
concave.
Smaller
mass
is
precisely
the
size
and
shape
of
the
`missing'
section
of
the
larger
mass.
Upon
detonation
of
conventional
explosive,
the
smaller
mass
is
violently
injected
and
welded
to
the
larger
mass.
Supercritical
mass
is
reached,
chain
reaction
follows
in
one
millionth
of
a
second.
- [2]
Plutonium
Detonator
- Comprised
of
32
individual
45-degree
pie-shaped
sections
of
Plutonium
surrounding
a
Beryllium/Polonium
mixture.
These
32
sections
together
form
a
sphere.
All
of
these
sections
must
have
the
precisely
equal
mass
(and
shape)
of
the
others.
The
shape
of
the
detonator
resembles
a
soccerball.
Upon
detonation
of
conventional
explosives,
all
32
sections
must
merge
with
the
B/P
mixture
within
1
ten-millionths
of
a
second.
____________________________________________________________________________
|
[Uranium Detonator] | [Plutonium Detonator]
______________________________________|_____________________________________
_____ |
| :| | . [2] .
| :| | . ~ \_/ ~ .
| [2]:| | .. . ..
| :| | [2]| . |[2]
| .:| | . ~~~ . . . ~~~ .
`...::' | . . . . .
_ ~~~ _ | . . ~ . .
. `| |':.. | [2]\. . . . [1] . . . ./[2]
. | | `:::. | ./ . ~~~ . \.
| | `::: | . . : . .
. | | :::: | . . . . .
| [1] | ::|:: | . ___ . ___ .
. `. .' ,::||: | [2]| . |[2]
~~~ ::|||: | .' _ `.
.. [2] .::|||:' | . / \ .
::... ..::||||:' | ~ -[2]- ~
:::::::::::::||||::' |
``::::||||||||:'' |
``:::::'' |
|
|
|
|
[1] = Collision Point | [1] = Collision Point
[2] - Uranium Section(s) | [2] = Plutonium Section(s)
|
|
______________________________________|_____________________________________
G.
Lead
Shield
The
lead
shield's
only
purpose
is
to
prevent
the
inherent
radioactivity
of
the
bomb's
payload
from
interfering
with
the
other
mechanisms
of
the
bomb.
The
neutron
flux
of
the
bomb's
payload
is
strong
enough
to
short
circuit
the
internal
circuitry
and
cause
an
accidental
or
premature
detonation.
H.
Fuses
The
fuses
are
implemented
as
another
safeguard
to
prevent
an
accidental
detonation
of
both
the
conventional
explosives
and
the
nuclear
payload.
These
fuses
are
set
near
the
surface
of
the
`nose'
of
the
bomb
so
that
they
can
be
installed
easily
when
the
bomb
is
ready
to
be
launched.
The
fuses
should
be
installed
only
shortly
before
the
bomb
is
launched.
To
affix
them
before
it
is
time
could
result
in
an
accident
of
catastrophic
proportions.
IV.
Diagrams
of
the
Bombs
A.
The
Uranium
Bomb
Gravity
Bomb
Model
[1] - Tail Cone
[2] - Stabilizing Tail Fins
[3] - Air Pressure Detonator
[4] - Air Inlet Tube(s)
[5] - Altimeter/Pressure Sensors
[6] - Lead Shield Container
[7] - Detonating Head
[8] - Conventional Explosive Charge
[9] - Packing
[10] - Uranium (U-235) [Plutonium (See other diagram)]
[11] - Neutron Deflector (U-238)
[12] - Telemetry Monitoring Probes
[13] - Receptacle for U-235 upon detonation
to facilitate supercritical mass.
[14] - Fuses (inserted to arm bomb)
/\
/ \ <---------------------------[1]
/ \
_________________/______\_________________
| : ||: ~ ~ : |
[2]-------> | : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| :______||:_____________________________: |
|/_______||/______________________________\|
\ ~\ | | /
\ |\ | | /
\ | \ | | /
\ | \ | | /
\ |___\ |______________| /
\ | \ |~ \ /
\|_______\|_________________\_/
|_____________________________|
/ \
/ _________________ \
/ _/ \_ \
/ __/ \__ \
/ / \ \
/__ _/ \_ __\
[3]_______________________________ \ _|
/ / \ \ \
/ / \/ \ \
/ / ___________ \ \
| / __/___________\__ \ |
| |_ ___ /=================\ ___ _| |
[4]---------> _||___|====|[[[[[[[|||]]]]]]]|====|___||_ <--------[4]
| | |-----------------| | |
| | |o=o=o=o=o=o=o=o=o| <-------------------[5]
| | \_______________/ | |
| |__ |: :| __| |
| | \______________ |: :| ______________/ | |
| | ________________\|: :|/________________ | |
| |/ |::::|: :|::::| \| |
[6]----------------------> |::::|: :|::::| <---------------------[6]
| | |::::|: :|::::| | |
| | |::==|: :|== <------------------------[9]
| | |::__\: :/__::| | |
| | |:: ~: :~ ::| | |
[7]----------------------------> \_/ ::| | |
| |~\________/~\|:: ~ ::|/~\________/~| |
| | ||:: <-------------------------[8]
| |_/~~~~~~~~\_/|::_ _ _ _ _::|\_/~~~~~~~~\_| |
[9]-------------------------->_=_=_=_=_::| | |
| | :::._______.::: | |
| | .:::| |:::.. | |
| | ..:::::'| |`:::::.. | |
[6]---------------->.::::::' || || `::::::.<---------------[6]
| | .::::::' | || || | `::::::. | |
/| | .::::::' | || || | `::::::. | |
| | | .:::::' | || <-----------------------------[10]
| | |.:::::' | || || | `:::::.| |
| | ||::::' | |`. .'| | `::::|| |
[11]___________________________ ``~'' __________________________[11]
: | | \:: \ / ::/ | |
| | | \:_________|_|\/__ __\/|_|_________:/ | |
/ | | | __________~___:___~__________ | | |
|| | | | | |:::::::| | | | |
[12] /|: | | | | |:::::::| | | | |
|~~~~~ / |: | | | | |:::::::| | | | |
|----> / /|: | | | | |:::::::| <-----------------[10]
| / / |: | | | | |:::::::| | | | |
| / |: | | | | |::::<-----------------------------[13]
| / /|: | | | | |:::::::| | | | |
| / / |: | | | | `:::::::' | | | |
| _/ / /:~: | | | `: ``~'' :' | | |
| | / / ~.. | | |: `: :' :| | |
|->| / / : | | ::: `. .' <----------------[11]
| |/ / ^ ~\| \ ::::. `. .' .:::: / |
| ~ /|\ | \_::::::. `. .' .::::::_/ |
|_______| | \::::::. `. .' .:::<-----------------[6]
|_________\:::::.. `~.....~' ..:::::/_________|
| \::::::::.......::::::::/ |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
`. .'
`. .'
`. .'
`:. .:'
`::. .::'
`::.. ..::'
`:::.. ..:::'
`::::::... ..::::::'
[14]------------------> `:____:::::::::::____:' <-----------------[14]
```::::_____::::'''
~~~~~
B.
The
Plutonium
Bomb
Gravity
Bomb
-
Implosion
Model
[1] - Tail Cone
[2] - Stabilizing Tail Fins
[3] - Air Pressure Detonator
[4] - Air Inlet Tube(s)
[5] - Altimeter/Pressure Sensors
[6] - Electronic Conduits & Fusing Circuits
[7] - Lead Shield Container
[8] - Neutron Deflector (U-238)
[9] - Conventional Explosive Charge(s)
[10] - Plutonium (Pu-239)
[11] - Receptacle for Beryllium/Polonium mixture
to facilitate atomic detonation reaction.
[12] - Fuses (inserted to arm bomb)
/\
/ \ <---------------------------[1]
/ \
_________________/______\_________________
| : ||: ~ ~ : |
[2]-------> | : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| : ||: : |
| :______||:_____________________________: |
|/_______||/______________________________\|
\ ~\ | : |:| /
\ |\ | : |:| /
\ | \ | :__________|:| /
\ |:_\ | :__________\:| /
\ |___\ |______________| /
\ | \ |~ \ /
\|_______\|_________________\_/
|_____________________________|
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ _______________ \
/ ___/ \___ \
/____ __/ \__ ____\
[3]_______________________________ \ ___|
/ __/ \ \__ \
/ / \/ \ \
/ / ___________ \ \
/ / __/___________\__ \ \
./ /__ ___ /=================\ ___ __\ \.
[4]-------> ___||___|====|[[[[[|||||||]]]]]|====|___||___ <------[4]
/ / |=o=o=o=o=o=o=o=o=| <-------------------[5]
.' / \_______ _______/ \ `.
: |___ |*| ___| :
.' | \_________________ |*| _________________/ | `.
: | ___________ ___ \ |*| / ___ ___________ | :
: |__/ \ / \_\\*//_/ \ / \__| :
: |______________:|:____:: **::****:|:********\ <---------[6]
.' /:|||||||||||||'`|;..:::::::::::..;|'`|||||||*|||||:\ `.
[7]----------> ||||||' .:::;~|~~~___~~~|~;:::. `|||||*|| <-------[7]
: |:|||||||||' .::'\ ..:::::::::::.. /`::. `|||*|||||:| :
: |:|||||||' .::' .:::''~~ ~~``:::. `::. `|\***\|:| :
: |:|||||' .::\ .::''\ | [9] | /``::: /::. `|||*|:| :
[8]------------>::' .::' \|_________|/ `::: `::. `|* <-----[6]
`. \:||' .::' ::'\ [9] . . . [9] /::: `::. *|:/ .'
: \:' :::'.::' \ . . / `::.`::: *:/ :
: | .::'.::'____\ [10] . [10] /____`::.`::.*| :
: | :::~::: | . . . | :::~:::*| :
: | ::: :: [9] | . . ..:.. . . | [9] :: :::*| :
: \ ::: :: | . :\_____________________________[11]
`. \`:: ::: ____| . . . |____ ::: ::'/ .'
: \:;~`::. / . [10] [10] . \ .::'~::/ :
`. \:. `::. / . . . \ .::' .:/ .'
: \:. `:::/ [9] _________ [9] \:::' .:/ :
`. \::. `:::. /| |\ .:::' .::/ .'
: ~~\:/ `:::./ | [9] | \.:::' \:/~~ :
`:=========\::. `::::... ...::::' .::/=========:'
`: ~\::./ ```:::::::::''' \.::/~ :'
`. ~~~~~~\| ~~~ |/~~~~~~ .'
`. \:::...:::/ .'
`. ~~~~~~~~~ .'
`. .'
`:. .:'
`::. .::'
`::.. ..::'
`:::.. ..:::'
`::::::... ..::::::'
[12]------------------> `:____:::::::::::____:' <-----------------[12]
```::::_____::::'''
~~~~~
See
also:
The
Nation,
June
19,
2000
STAR
WARS
II:
HERE
WE
GO
AGAIN
by
William
D.
Hartung
and
Michelle
Ciarrocca
If
you
stopped
worrying
about
the
bomb
when
the
cold
war
ended,
you
were
probably
surprised
to
learn
that
two
of
the
hot-button
issues
of
the
eighties
—
arms
control
and
missile
defense
—
will
top
the
agenda
at
the
Clinton/Putin
summit
on
June
4-5
[2000].
A
central
issue
in
Moscow
will
be
how
to
reconcile
Russian
President
Vladimir
Putin's
proposal
for
deep
cuts
in
US
and
Russian
nuclear
arsenals
with
the
Clinton
Administration's
fixation
on
developing
a
National
Missile
Defense
(NMD)
system.
...
The
mere
pursuit
of
an
NMD
system
could
pose
the
most
serious
threat
to
international
peace
and
stability
since
the
height
of
the
cold
war.
Russian
President
Putin
has
emphatically
stated
that
any
US
move
to
withdraw
from
the
ABM
treaty
will
lead
Moscow
to
treat
all
existing
US/Russian
arms
agreements
as
null
and
void.
...
There
is
one
final
element
distorting
the
NMD
testing
program:
corporate
greed.
The
major
corporate
players
in
the
NMD
testing
program
—
Boeing,
Lockheed
Martin
and
Raytheon
—
all
have
serious
and
direct
conflicts
of
interest,
since
the
results
of
the
tests
they
are
helping
to
carry
out
will
determine
whether
they
start
reaping
multibillion-dollar
missile
defense
contracts
over
the
next
few
years.
...
If
Boeing
is
able
to
orchestrate
a
series
of
seemingly
credible
tests,
it
stands
to
make
billions
of
dollars
in
production
contracts
for
decades
to
come.
...
Click
here
for
the
full
story.
Bush's
Choice
for
Pentagon
Chief
is
Nuclear
Missile
Lobbyist
CNN,
2000-07-08:
Anti-missile
system
fails
test
for
second
time
Has
the
U.S.
attained
complete
military
domination
of
the
Earth?
If
Brother
Jonathan
Gazette
is
to
be
believed
then
the
system
depicted
above
is
a
red
herring,
and
the
recent
tests
of
NMD,
reported
to
be
a
failure,
were
actually
a
success.
If
Brother
Jonathan
Gazette
is
to
be
believed
then
the
Americans
already
have
an
NMD
system
that
does
not
require
launching
missiles
to
intercept
incoming
missiles,
and
which
is
effective
not
only
against
Russian
missiles
(coming
over
the
north
pole)
but
against
all
missiles
whose
trajectories
take
them
at
least
50
miles
above
the
Earth's
surface.
This
excludes
submarine-launched
missiles
fired
from
off
the
coast
of
California
or
Virginia,
but
includes
missiles
fired
from
the
Chinese
mainland.
The
instrument
of
this
NMD
system
is
the
radiation
facility
in
Alaska
known
as
HAARP.
Read
the
details
at
WHAT
IS
HAARP?
HOW
IT
LOOKS
AND
SOUNDS!
If
what
the
author
says
is
true
then
the
the
guns
of
the
potential
adversaries
of
the
U.S.
now
all
fire
blanks
(since
HAARP
radiation
will
destroy
the
electronics
of
incoming
ICBMs
before
re-entry
into
the
atmosphere,
causing
the
missiles
to
detonate
prematurely
or
to
burn
up
on
re-entry)
whereas
the
U.S.
itself
holds
a
loaded
gun
to
the
head
of
those
potential
adversaries
(since
it
can
switch
off
HAARP
when
it
launches
its
own
ICBMs).
At
least,
this
is
the
state
of
affairs
until
such
time
as
those
potential
adversaries
build
their
own
HAARP.
But
this
may
may
take
some
time;
and
if
any
potential
adversary
looked
as
if
it
might
do
so
then
the
U.S.
would
very
likely
take
out
the
adversary's
facility
(just
as
Israel
has
shown
that
it
will
destroy
any
nuclear
reactor
which
it
considers
a
threat
in
any
country
in
the
Middle
East).
Could
it
be,
then,
that
the
U.S.
has
finally
attained
what
all
fascist
states
aim
for:
total
military
domination
of
the
entire
Earth?
But
there
are
still
those
submarine-launched
nuclear
missiles
which
could
be
fired
from
off
the
coast
of
California
or
Virginia,
so
the
game
is
not
over
yet.
And
HAARP
won't
protect
against
a
nuclear
bomb
delivered
to
Washington,
New
York
or
Chicago
in
a
suitcase.
"Those
who
live
by
the
sword
..."
Last
modified:
2001-04-07
CE
"Something
is
happening,
But
you
don't
know
what
it
is,
Do
you,
Mr.
Jones?"
| 